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[Experimental]

Usage

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
coef(object, complete = TRUE, ...)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
fitted(object, ...)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
model.frame(formula, exclude = "subject_var", full, ...)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
logLik(object, ...)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
formula(x, ...)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
vcov(object, complete = TRUE, ...)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
VarCorr(x, sigma = NA, ...)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
deviance(object, ...)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
AIC(object, corrected = FALSE, ..., k = 2)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
BIC(object, ...)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
print(x, ...)

# S3 method for mmrm_tmb
residuals(object, type = c("response", "pearson", "normalized"), ...)

Arguments

object

(mmrm_tmb)
the fitted MMRM object.

complete

(flag)
whether to include potential non-estimable coefficients.

...

not used.

formula

(mmrm_tmb)
same as object.

exclude

(character)
names of variable to exclude.

full

(flag) indicator whether to return full model frame (deprecated).

x

(mmrm_tmb)
same as object.

sigma

cannot be used (this parameter does not exist in MMRM).

corrected

(flag)
whether corrected AIC should be calculated.

k

(number)
the penalty per parameter to be used; default k = 2 is the classical AIC.

type

(string)
unscaled (response), pearson or normalized. Default is response, and this is the only type available for use with models with a spatial covariance structure.

Value

Depends on the method, see Functions.

Details

exclude argument controls the variables the returned model frame will exclude. Possible options are "subject_var", "visit_var" and "group_var", representing the subject variable, visit variable or group variable.

Functions

  • coef(mmrm_tmb): obtains the estimated coefficients.

  • fitted(mmrm_tmb): obtains the fitted values.

  • model.frame(mmrm_tmb): obtains the model frame.

  • logLik(mmrm_tmb): obtains the attained log likelihood value.

  • formula(mmrm_tmb): obtains the used formula.

  • vcov(mmrm_tmb): obtains the variance-covariance matrix estimate for the coefficients.

  • VarCorr(mmrm_tmb): obtains the variance-covariance matrix estimate for the residuals.

  • deviance(mmrm_tmb): obtains the deviance, which is defined here as twice the negative log likelihood, which can either be integrated over the coefficients for REML fits or the usual one for ML fits.

  • AIC(mmrm_tmb): obtains the Akaike Information Criterion, where the degrees of freedom are the number of variance parameters (n_theta). If corrected, then this is multiplied with m / (m - n_theta - 1) where m is the number of observations minus the number of coefficients, or n_theta + 2 if it is smaller than that (Hurvich and Tsai 1989; Burnham and Anderson 1998) .

  • BIC(mmrm_tmb): obtains the Bayesian Information Criterion, which is using the natural logarithm of the number of subjects for the penalty parameter k.

  • print(mmrm_tmb): prints the object.

  • residuals(mmrm_tmb): to obtain residuals - either unscaled ('response'), 'pearson' or 'normalized'.

References

  • Hurvich CM, Tsai C (1989). “Regression and time series model selection in small samples.” Biometrika, 76(2), 297--307. doi:10.2307/2336663 .

  • Burnham KP, Anderson DR (1998). “Practical use of the information-theoretic approach.” In Model selection and inference, 75--117. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2917-7_3 .

  • Gałecki A, Burzykowski T (2013). “Linear mixed-effects model.” In Linear mixed-effects models using R, 245--273. Springer.

Examples

formula <- FEV1 ~ RACE + SEX + ARMCD * AVISIT + us(AVISIT | USUBJID)
object <- fit_mmrm(formula, fev_data, weights = rep(1, nrow(fev_data)))
# Estimated coefficients:
coef(object)
#>                   (Intercept) RACEBlack or African American 
#>                   30.77747548                    1.53049977 
#>                     RACEWhite                     SEXFemale 
#>                    5.64356535                    0.32606192 
#>                      ARMCDTRT                    AVISITVIS2 
#>                    3.77423004                    4.83958845 
#>                    AVISITVIS3                    AVISITVIS4 
#>                   10.34211288                   15.05389826 
#>           ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS2           ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS3 
#>                   -0.04192625                   -0.69368537 
#>           ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS4 
#>                    0.62422703 
# Fitted values:
fitted(object)
#>        2        4        6        7        8       10       12       13 
#> 41.20593 52.08639 35.61706 41.11959 45.83137 37.47363 47.68794 34.87777 
#>       14       16       17       19       20       23       25       26 
#> 39.67543 50.55589 32.30798 42.65009 47.36187 42.65009 31.10354 35.94313 
#>       28       29       30       31       32       33       34       36 
#> 46.15744 32.30798 37.14756 42.65009 47.36187 40.19527 44.99293 55.87340 
#>       39       41       42       43       44       45       46       47 
#> 42.97615 34.87777 39.67543 44.52619 50.55589 30.77748 35.61706 41.11959 
#>       51       52       55       59       60       62       64       65 
#> 49.84370 55.87340 42.65009 41.11959 45.83137 35.94313 46.15744 36.74710 
#>       68       69       70       72       73       74       75       76 
#> 51.80100 34.55171 39.34937 50.22983 34.55171 39.34937 44.20013 50.22983 
#>       78       79       82       83       84       85       86       87 
#> 45.31900 50.16976 44.99293 49.84370 55.87340 40.19527 44.99293 49.84370 
#>       88       89       90       91       93       94       95       96 
#> 55.87340 32.63404 37.47363 42.97615 40.52133 45.31900 50.16976 56.19946 
#>       97       98       99      100      101      102      103      104 
#> 40.52133 45.31900 50.16976 56.19946 40.52133 45.31900 50.16976 56.19946 
#>      105      107      108      109      110      111      112      113 
#> 36.40827 46.05669 52.08639 36.08221 40.87987 45.73063 51.76033 36.08221 
#>      114      116      117      118      119      120      121      123 
#> 40.87987 51.76033 34.87777 39.67543 44.52619 50.55589 31.10354 41.44565 
#>      125      128      129      130      132      133      134      135 
#> 36.08221 51.76033 36.08221 40.87987 51.76033 31.10354 35.94313 41.44565 
#>      136      137      138      140      142      144      145      146 
#> 46.15744 36.40827 41.20593 52.08639 39.67543 50.55589 36.74710 41.58669 
#>      147      148      149      151      153      155      156      157 
#> 47.08922 51.80100 31.10354 41.44565 31.10354 41.44565 46.15744 32.30798 
#>      158      159      162      163      164      165      168      169 
#> 37.14756 42.65009 37.14756 42.65009 47.36187 32.30798 47.36187 36.40827 
#>      170      171      172      173      177      178      179      180 
#> 41.20593 46.05669 52.08639 36.08221 31.10354 35.94313 41.44565 46.15744 
#>      181      182      183      185      186      187      190      191 
#> 30.77748 35.61706 41.11959 34.55171 39.34937 44.20013 37.14756 42.65009 
#>      193      194      195      197      198      199      201      202 
#> 36.74710 41.58669 47.08922 34.87777 39.67543 44.52619 36.40827 41.20593 
#>      204      206      208      209      210      217      218      219 
#> 52.08639 41.20593 52.08639 36.42104 41.26063 34.55171 39.34937 44.20013 
#>      221      224      226      227      228      230      231      233 
#> 32.30798 47.36187 40.87987 45.73063 51.76033 45.31900 50.16976 40.52133 
#>      235      236      237      238      239      240      241      242 
#> 50.16976 56.19946 36.40827 41.20593 46.05669 52.08639 34.55171 39.34937 
#>      244      246      250      251      252      253      254      256 
#> 50.22983 35.94313 41.58669 47.08922 51.80100 32.63404 37.47363 47.68794 
#>      257      258      259      260      261      262      263      264 
#> 34.87777 39.67543 44.52619 50.55589 34.55171 39.34937 44.20013 50.22983 
#>      265      266      267      268      269      270      273      274 
#> 40.52133 45.31900 50.16976 56.19946 40.52133 45.31900 32.30798 37.14756 
#>      275      276      277      278      280      281      282      283 
#> 42.65009 47.36187 32.30798 37.14756 47.36187 34.55171 39.34937 44.20013 
#>      284      285      286      287      291      292      293      295 
#> 50.22983 34.87777 39.67543 44.52619 46.76315 51.47494 36.74710 47.08922 
#>      296      298      299      300      301      304      305      306 
#> 51.80100 41.26063 46.76315 51.47494 40.19527 55.87340 34.55171 39.34937 
#>      307      308      310      311      312      316      317      318 
#> 44.20013 50.22983 45.31900 50.16976 56.19946 46.15744 34.55171 39.34937 
#>      319      322      323      324      325      327      328      329 
#> 44.20013 41.26063 46.76315 51.47494 32.63404 42.97615 47.68794 40.19527 
#>      330      331      332      336      339      340      341      342 
#> 44.99293 49.84370 55.87340 46.15744 41.44565 46.15744 36.40827 41.20593 
#>      343      344      345      347      349      351      352      353 
#> 46.05669 52.08639 36.42104 46.76315 32.63404 42.97615 47.68794 32.30798 
#>      354      355      356      357      363      364      365      367 
#> 37.14756 42.65009 47.36187 30.77748 50.16976 56.19946 40.52133 50.16976 
#>      368      370      371      372      373      375      376      378 
#> 56.19946 37.14756 42.65009 47.36187 31.10354 41.44565 46.15744 35.94313 
#>      379      381      382      384      385      386      388      389 
#> 41.44565 32.63404 37.47363 47.68794 40.19527 44.99293 55.87340 30.77748 
#>      390      391      392      394      397      398      399      402 
#> 35.61706 41.11959 45.83137 37.14756 32.63404 37.47363 42.97615 44.99293 
#>      403      405      406      407      408      409      410      411 
#> 49.84370 31.10354 35.94313 41.44565 46.15744 31.10354 35.94313 41.44565 
#>      413      415      416      418      419      421      422      423 
#> 32.63404 42.97615 47.68794 41.20593 46.05669 34.87777 39.67543 44.52619 
#>      424      427      428      429      430      431      432      434 
#> 50.55589 47.08922 51.80100 40.19527 44.99293 49.84370 55.87340 37.47363 
#>      435      436      438      439      444      445      447      449 
#> 42.97615 47.68794 39.34937 44.20013 51.80100 32.63404 42.97615 30.77748 
#>      450      451      453      454      455      456      457      458 
#> 35.61706 41.11959 32.30798 37.14756 42.65009 47.36187 31.10354 35.94313 
#>      459      461      463      464      465      469      470      471 
#> 41.44565 36.08221 45.73063 51.76033 32.30798 31.10354 35.94313 41.44565 
#>      473      474      477      484      487      489      490      491 
#> 40.19527 44.99293 31.10354 51.76033 41.44565 36.74710 41.58669 47.08922 
#>      494      495      496      497      498      499      501      502 
#> 39.67543 44.52619 50.55589 36.42104 41.26063 46.76315 34.55171 39.34937 
#>      504      505      508      509      510      511      512      513 
#> 50.22983 36.40827 52.08639 34.87777 39.67543 44.52619 50.55589 40.19527 
#>      518      519      521      522      523      524      526      527 
#> 41.26063 46.76315 31.10354 35.94313 41.44565 46.15744 35.61706 41.11959 
#>      528      530      531      532      534      535      536      537 
#> 45.83137 41.26063 46.76315 51.47494 37.14756 42.65009 47.36187 32.30798 
#>      538      539      540      541      544      545      546      547 
#> 37.14756 42.65009 47.36187 40.52133 56.19946 34.87777 39.67543 44.52619 
#>      548      549      550      551      555      556      557      558 
#> 50.55589 34.55171 39.34937 44.20013 44.52619 50.55589 32.63404 37.47363 
#>      560      562      564      569      570      572      573      574 
#> 47.68794 44.99293 55.87340 36.40827 41.20593 52.08639 31.10354 35.94313 
#>      575      576      577      578      579      582      583      584 
#> 41.44565 46.15744 32.30798 37.14756 42.65009 39.67543 44.52619 50.55589 
#>      585      586      587      590      591      593      594      595 
#> 31.10354 35.94313 41.44565 40.87987 45.73063 31.10354 35.94313 41.44565 
#>      596      599      600      601      602      604      606      608 
#> 46.15744 46.76315 51.47494 31.10354 35.94313 46.15744 39.67543 50.55589 
#>      609      610      611      612      613      614      616      617 
#> 32.30798 37.14756 42.65009 47.36187 32.63404 37.47363 47.68794 34.55171 
#>      619      620      621      622      623      624      625      628 
#> 44.20013 50.22983 36.42104 41.26063 46.76315 51.47494 36.08221 51.76033 
#>      630      631      632      633      634      638      639      640 
#> 40.87987 45.73063 51.76033 34.87777 39.67543 39.34937 44.20013 50.22983 
#>      642      645      648      650      652      654      655      656 
#> 37.47363 30.77748 45.83137 41.26063 51.47494 37.47363 42.97615 47.68794 
#>      657      661      665      666      668      669      670      671 
#> 40.52133 34.55171 32.30798 37.14756 47.36187 32.63404 37.47363 42.97615 
#>      673      674      678      679      680      682      684      685 
#> 36.74710 41.58669 45.31900 50.16976 56.19946 35.94313 46.15744 34.87777 
#>      686      687      689      690      691      693      694      695 
#> 39.67543 44.52619 40.52133 45.31900 50.16976 36.40827 41.20593 46.05669 
#>      697      698      700      701      702      704      707      709 
#> 32.63404 37.47363 47.68794 36.08221 40.87987 51.76033 42.65009 32.30798 
#>      712      713      715      716      717      718      719      721 
#> 47.36187 40.19527 49.84370 55.87340 30.77748 35.61706 41.11959 31.10354 
#>      723      724      727      728      729      730      734      736 
#> 41.44565 46.15744 46.05669 52.08639 36.40827 41.20593 45.31900 56.19946 
#>      738      739      740      741      742      744      745      749 
#> 37.47363 42.97615 47.68794 36.42104 41.26063 51.47494 32.63404 32.63404 
#>      751      753      754      755      757      758      759      760 
#> 42.97615 34.87777 39.67543 44.52619 36.40827 41.20593 46.05669 52.08639 
#>      761      764      765      766      767      768      770      771 
#> 40.19527 55.87340 40.52133 45.31900 50.16976 56.19946 35.61706 41.11959 
#>      772      773      774      775      776      778      779      781 
#> 45.83137 32.30798 37.14756 42.65009 47.36187 45.31900 50.16976 30.77748 
#>      782      784      788      789      790      792      797      798 
#> 35.61706 45.83137 47.36187 36.08221 40.87987 51.76033 32.30798 37.14756 
#>      800 
#> 47.36187 
# Model frame:
model.frame(object)
#>         FEV1                      RACE    SEX ARMCD AVISIT
#> 2   39.97105 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 4   20.48379 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 6   31.45522                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 7   36.87889                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 8   48.80809                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 10  35.98699 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 12  37.16444 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 13  33.89229                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 14  33.74637                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 16  54.45055                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 17  32.31386 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 19  46.79361 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 20  41.71154 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 23  39.02423 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 25  31.93050                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 26  32.90947                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 28  48.28031                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 29  32.23021 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 30  35.91080 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 31  45.54898 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 32  53.02877 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 33  47.16898                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 34  46.64287                     White   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 36  58.09713                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 39  44.97613 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 41  44.32755                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 42  38.97813                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 43  43.72862                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 44  46.43393                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 45  40.34576                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 46  42.76568                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 47  40.11155                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 51  53.31791                     White   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 52  56.07641                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 55  41.90837 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 59  34.65663                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 60  39.07791                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 62  35.89612                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 64  47.67264                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 65  22.65440                     White Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 68  40.85376                     White Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 69  32.60048                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 70  33.64329                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 72  40.92278                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 73  32.14831                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 74  46.43604                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 75  41.34973                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 76  66.30382                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 78  47.95358                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 79  53.97364                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 82  56.64544                     White   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 83  49.70872                     White   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 84  60.40497                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 85  45.98525                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 86  51.90911                     White   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 87  41.50787                     White   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 88  53.42727                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 89  23.86859 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 90  35.98563 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 91  43.60626 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 93  29.59773                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 94  35.50688                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 95  55.42944                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 96  52.10530                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 97  31.69644                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 98  32.16159                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 99  51.04735                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 100 55.85987                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 101 49.11706                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 102 49.25544                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 103 51.72211                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 104 69.99128                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 105 22.07169 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 107 46.08393 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 108 52.42288 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 109 37.69466 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 110 44.59400 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 111 52.08897 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 112 58.22961 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 113 37.22824 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 114 34.39863 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 116 36.34012 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 117 45.44182                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 118 41.54847                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 119 43.92172                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 120 61.83243                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 121 27.25656                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 123 45.65133                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 125 33.19334 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 128 41.66826 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 129 27.12753 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 130 31.74858 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 132 41.60000 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 133 39.45250                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 134 32.61823                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 135 34.62445                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 136 45.90515                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 137 36.17780 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 138 39.79796 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 140 50.08272 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 142 44.64316                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 144 39.73529                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 145 34.06164                     White Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 146 40.18592                     White Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 147 41.17584                     White Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 148 57.76669                     White Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 149 38.18460                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 151 47.19893                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 153 37.32785                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 155 43.16048                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 156 41.40349                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 157 30.15733 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 158 35.84353 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 159 40.95250 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 162 41.37928 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 163 50.17316 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 164 45.35226 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 165 39.06491 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 168 42.11960 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 169 29.81042 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 170 42.57055 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 171 47.81652 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 172 68.06024 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 173 35.62071 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 177 33.89134                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 178 36.42808                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 179 37.57519                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 180 58.46873                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 181 19.54516                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 182 31.13541                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 183 40.89955                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 185 22.18809                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 186 41.05857                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 187 37.32452                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 190 43.12432 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 191 41.99349 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 193 44.03080                     White Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 194 38.66417                     White Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 195 53.45993                     White Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 197 29.81948                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 198 30.43859                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 199 40.18095                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 201 26.78578 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 202 34.55115 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 204 40.06421 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 206 43.09329 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 208 45.71567 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 209 40.74992                     White   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 210 44.74635                     White   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 217 40.14674                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 218 48.75859                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 219 46.43462                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 221 29.33990 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 224 47.93165 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 226 41.11632 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 227 47.05889 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 228 52.24599 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 230 54.14236                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 231 50.44618                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 233 37.53657                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 235 49.45840                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 236 59.12866                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 237 40.31268 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 238 39.66049 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 239 50.89726 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 240 56.13116 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 241 32.82981                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 242 46.53837                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 244 51.81265                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 246 29.91939                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 250 51.05656                     White Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 251 50.50059                     White Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 252 64.11388                     White Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 253 32.21843 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 254 29.64732 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 256 45.09919 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 257 39.75659                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 258 37.28894                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 259 44.80145                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 260 65.95920                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 261 33.43439                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 262 33.57042                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 263 39.91543                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 264 49.57098                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 265 38.91634                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 266 36.69011                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 267 45.66665                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 268 52.07431                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 269 42.21411                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 270 45.02901                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 273 30.98338 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 274 44.72932 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 275 40.68711 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 276 34.71530 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 277 27.30752 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 278 37.31585 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 280 44.83000 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 281 32.93042                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 282 44.91911                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 283 45.68636                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 284 65.98800                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 285 46.60130                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 286 40.89786                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 287 46.66708                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 291 43.83270                     White   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 292 44.11604                     White   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 293 38.29612                     White Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 295 51.38570                     White Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 296 56.20979                     White Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 298 43.45819                     White   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 299 38.38741                     White   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 300 56.42818                     White   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 301 39.05050                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 304 54.09200                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 305 31.40521                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 306 46.13330                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 307 45.29845                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 308 28.06936                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 310 42.50283                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 311 46.45368                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 312 64.97366                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 316 43.97847                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 317 35.33466                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 318 39.34378                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 319 41.27633                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 322 39.83058                     White   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 323 43.49673                     White   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 324 44.06114                     White   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 325 41.43742 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 327 46.16954 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 328 54.24024 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 329 36.61831                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 330 42.09272                     White   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 331 50.69556                     White   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 332 51.72563                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 336 53.89947                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 339 39.94420                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 340 56.42482                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 341 41.86385 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 342 34.56420 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 343 38.68927 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 344 62.88743 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 345 28.85343                     White   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 347 49.29495                     White   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 349 28.74029 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 351 43.59994 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 352 57.38616 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 353 35.36824 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 354 43.06110 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 355 31.27551 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 356 54.13245 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 357 25.97050                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 363 51.17493                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 364 48.44043                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 365 43.33128                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 367 55.93546                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 368 54.15312                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 370 40.60252 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 371 44.44715 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 372 40.54161 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 373 33.95563                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 375 43.67802                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 376 42.76023                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 378 42.82678                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 379 39.59218                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 381 33.49216 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 382 35.39266 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 384 42.36266 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 385 48.54368                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 386 43.94366                     White   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 388 47.91204                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 389 20.72928                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 390 28.00599                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 391 40.19255                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 392 37.79360                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 394 36.75177 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 397 34.59822 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 398 39.32034 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 399 40.65702 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 402 43.03255                     White   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 403 54.65715                     White   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 405 35.55742                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 406 43.70215                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 407 42.52157                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 408 54.89337                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 409 32.03460                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 410 29.45107                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 411 45.35138                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 413 38.73784 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 415 41.42283 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 416 47.32385 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 418 47.55310 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 419 49.06509 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 421 29.22591                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 422 40.08175                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 423 45.68142                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 424 41.47403                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 427 42.51970                     White Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 428 69.36099                     White Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 429 42.39760                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 430 43.72376                     White   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 431 49.47601                     White   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 432 51.94188                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 434 40.59100 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 435 39.97833 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 436 31.69049 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 438 37.20517                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 439 46.28740                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 444 41.58720                     White Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 445 32.17365 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 447 40.69375 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 449 32.28771                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 450 41.76205                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 451 40.06768                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 453 29.14213 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 454 39.50989 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 455 43.32349 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 456 47.16756 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 457 40.93020                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 458 42.19406                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 459 41.21057                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 461 38.54330 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 463 43.96324 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 464 42.67652 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 465 22.79584 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 469 31.43559                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 470 38.85064                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 471 48.24288                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 473 44.71302                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 474 51.85370                     White   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 477 30.56757                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 484 59.90473 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 487 49.76150                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 489 47.21985                     White Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 490 40.34525                     White Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 491 48.29793                     White Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 494 44.39634                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 495 41.71421                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 496 47.37535                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 497 42.03797                     White   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 498 37.56100                     White   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 499 45.11793                     White   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 501 34.62530                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 502 45.28206                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 504 63.57761                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 505 35.80878 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 508 52.67314 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 509 35.88734                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 510 38.73222                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 511 46.70361                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 512 53.65398                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 513 36.71543                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 518 41.54317                     White   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 519 51.67909                     White   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 521 27.40130                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 522 30.33517                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 523 37.73092                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 524 29.11668                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 526 32.08830                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 527 41.66067                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 528 53.90815                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 530 35.06937                     White   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 531 47.17615                     White   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 532 56.49347                     White   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 534 38.88006 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 535 47.54070 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 536 43.53705 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 537 31.82054 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 538 39.62816 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 539 44.95543 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 540 21.11543 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 541 34.74671                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 544 56.69249                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 545 22.73126                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 546 32.50075                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 547 42.37206                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 548 42.89847                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 549 55.62582                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 550 45.38998                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 551 52.66743                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 555 34.18931                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 556 45.59740                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 557 28.89198 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 558 38.46147 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 560 49.90357 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 562 44.14167                     White   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 564 55.24278                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 569 27.38001 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 570 33.63251 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 572 39.34410 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 573 26.98575                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 574 24.04175                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 575 42.16648                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 576 44.75380                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 577 31.55469 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 578 44.42696 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 579 44.10343 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 582 37.87445                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 583 48.31828                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 584 50.21520                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 585 41.94615                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 586 39.62690                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 587 46.69763                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 590 43.75255 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 591 47.38873 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 593 32.43412                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 594 43.07163                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 595 42.99551                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 596 53.82759                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 599 50.64802                     White   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 600 63.44051                     White   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 601 34.48949                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 602 40.08056                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 604 47.46553                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 606 37.11697                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 608 36.25120                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 609 29.20171 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 610 31.53773 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 611 42.35683 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 612 64.78352 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 613 32.72757 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 614 37.50022 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 616 57.03861 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 617 36.32475                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 619 41.46725                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 620 59.01411                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 621 30.14970                     White   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 622 34.91740                     White   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 623 52.13900                     White   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 624 58.73839                     White   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 625 35.83185 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 628 56.41409 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 630 43.55593 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 631 44.26320 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 632 59.25579 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 633 28.47314                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 634 47.47581                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 638 46.47483                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 639 51.22677                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 640 45.82777                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 642 39.06783 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 645 29.99542                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 648 54.17796                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 650 44.55743                     White   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 652 62.59579                     White   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 654 35.48396 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 655 44.07768 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 656 46.57837 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 657 47.67979                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 661 22.15439                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 665 34.27765 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 666 36.90059 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 668 40.54285 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 669 29.09494 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 670 37.21768 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 671 43.08491 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 673 27.12174                     White Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 674 34.11916                     White Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 678 40.80230                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 679 45.89269                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 680 43.69153                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 682 29.22869                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 684 55.68362                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 685 31.90698                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 686 37.31061                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 687 40.75546                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 689 42.19474                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 690 44.87228                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 691 47.55198                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 693 50.62894 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 694 45.47551 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 695 48.62168 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 697 29.66493 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 698 34.57406 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 700 38.11676 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 701 33.77204 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 702 34.26148 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 704 58.81037 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 707 39.88119 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 709 31.62708 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 712 48.22049 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 713 42.58829                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 715 49.33262                     White   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 716 53.74331                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 717 29.71857                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 718 30.45651                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 719 38.29800                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 721 36.81040                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 723 42.35045                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 724 39.39860                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 727 49.73629 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 728 41.58082 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 729 43.58901 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 730 40.16762 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 734 41.08206                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 736 69.37409                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 738 41.27625 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 739 44.76138 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 740 39.69815 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 741 38.44296                     White   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 742 48.20586                     White   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 744 35.50735                     White   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 745 32.08153 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 749 44.69256 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 751 42.18689 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 753 37.01741                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 754 38.26920                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 755 49.28806                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 757 40.45953 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 758 45.10337 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 759 45.58250 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 760 62.96989 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 761 30.78252                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 764 44.69667                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 765 32.72491                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 766 45.78702                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 767 48.74886                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 768 84.08449                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 770 30.19495                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 771 36.78573                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 772 61.03588                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 773 20.36749 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 774 35.22480 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 775 37.42847 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 776 30.20501 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 778 49.12862                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 779 47.31234                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 781 19.28388                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 782 30.00682                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 784 49.21768                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 788 40.13353 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 789 42.34534 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 790 52.32575 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 792 69.26254 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 797 35.70341 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 798 41.64454 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 800 54.25081 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
model.frame(object, exclude = "subject_var")
#>         FEV1                      RACE    SEX ARMCD AVISIT
#> 2   39.97105 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 4   20.48379 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 6   31.45522                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 7   36.87889                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 8   48.80809                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 10  35.98699 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 12  37.16444 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 13  33.89229                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 14  33.74637                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 16  54.45055                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 17  32.31386 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 19  46.79361 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 20  41.71154 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 23  39.02423 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 25  31.93050                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 26  32.90947                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 28  48.28031                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 29  32.23021 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 30  35.91080 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 31  45.54898 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 32  53.02877 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 33  47.16898                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 34  46.64287                     White   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 36  58.09713                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 39  44.97613 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
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#> 353 35.36824 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
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#> 652 62.59579                     White   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 654 35.48396 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 655 44.07768 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 656 46.57837 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 657 47.67979                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 661 22.15439                     Asian   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 665 34.27765 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 666 36.90059 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 668 40.54285 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 669 29.09494 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 670 37.21768 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 671 43.08491 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 673 27.12174                     White Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 674 34.11916                     White Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 678 40.80230                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 679 45.89269                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 680 43.69153                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 682 29.22869                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 684 55.68362                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 685 31.90698                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 686 37.31061                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 687 40.75546                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 689 42.19474                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 690 44.87228                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 691 47.55198                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 693 50.62894 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 694 45.47551 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 695 48.62168 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 697 29.66493 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 698 34.57406 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 700 38.11676 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 701 33.77204 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 702 34.26148 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 704 58.81037 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 707 39.88119 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 709 31.62708 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 712 48.22049 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 713 42.58829                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 715 49.33262                     White   Male   TRT   VIS3
#> 716 53.74331                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 717 29.71857                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 718 30.45651                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 719 38.29800                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 721 36.81040                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 723 42.35045                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 724 39.39860                     Asian Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 727 49.73629 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 728 41.58082 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 729 43.58901 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 730 40.16762 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 734 41.08206                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 736 69.37409                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 738 41.27625 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS2
#> 739 44.76138 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 740 39.69815 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS4
#> 741 38.44296                     White   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 742 48.20586                     White   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 744 35.50735                     White   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 745 32.08153 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 749 44.69256 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS1
#> 751 42.18689 Black or African American Female   PBO   VIS3
#> 753 37.01741                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 754 38.26920                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 755 49.28806                     Asian Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 757 40.45953 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 758 45.10337 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 759 45.58250 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 760 62.96989 Black or African American Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 761 30.78252                     White   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 764 44.69667                     White   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 765 32.72491                     White Female   TRT   VIS1
#> 766 45.78702                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 767 48.74886                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 768 84.08449                     White Female   TRT   VIS4
#> 770 30.19495                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 771 36.78573                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 772 61.03588                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 773 20.36749 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 774 35.22480 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 775 37.42847 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS3
#> 776 30.20501 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 778 49.12862                     White Female   TRT   VIS2
#> 779 47.31234                     White Female   TRT   VIS3
#> 781 19.28388                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 782 30.00682                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 784 49.21768                     Asian   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 788 40.13353 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
#> 789 42.34534 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS1
#> 790 52.32575 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS2
#> 792 69.26254 Black or African American   Male   TRT   VIS4
#> 797 35.70341 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS1
#> 798 41.64454 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS2
#> 800 54.25081 Black or African American   Male   PBO   VIS4
# Log likelihood given the estimated parameters:
logLik(object)
#> [1] -1693.225
# Formula which was used:
formula(object)
#> FEV1 ~ RACE + SEX + ARMCD * AVISIT + us(AVISIT | USUBJID)
#> <environment: 0x55c9beed86a0>
# Variance-covariance matrix estimate for coefficients:
vcov(object)
#>                               (Intercept) RACEBlack or African American
#> (Intercept)                     0.7859971                  -0.226212328
#> RACEBlack or African American  -0.2262123                   0.389969478
#> RACEWhite                      -0.1771113                   0.181466304
#> SEXFemale                      -0.1684152                   0.031537926
#> ARMCDTRT                       -0.5674809                   0.028374129
#> AVISITVIS2                     -0.4227565                   0.002972514
#> AVISITVIS3                     -0.5231223                   0.010825469
#> AVISITVIS4                     -0.4406442                   0.002205681
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS2             0.4225282                   0.005382569
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS3             0.5218971                   0.011420575
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS4             0.4489247                  -0.012589283
#>                                  RACEWhite    SEXFemale     ARMCDTRT
#> (Intercept)                   -0.177111308 -0.168415217 -0.567480906
#> RACEBlack or African American  0.181466304  0.031537926  0.028374129
#> RACEWhite                      0.443035801  0.023364777 -0.042968995
#> SEXFemale                      0.023364777  0.282971189  0.001814594
#> ARMCDTRT                      -0.042968995  0.001814594  1.153791725
#> AVISITVIS2                    -0.003149280  0.006471853  0.419528600
#> AVISITVIS3                    -0.002952986  0.006771404  0.517277529
#> AVISITVIS4                    -0.008230720  0.004088901  0.440653554
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS2            0.013485683 -0.016801299 -0.845758354
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS3            0.006720617 -0.024696304 -1.044355829
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS4            0.002967665 -0.009038640 -0.877606881
#>                                 AVISITVIS2   AVISITVIS3   AVISITVIS4
#> (Intercept)                   -0.422756455 -0.523122299 -0.440644229
#> RACEBlack or African American  0.002972514  0.010825469  0.002205681
#> RACEWhite                     -0.003149280 -0.002952986 -0.008230720
#> SEXFemale                      0.006471853  0.006771404  0.004088901
#> ARMCDTRT                       0.419528600  0.517277529  0.440653554
#> AVISITVIS2                     0.642749706  0.399048940  0.368340113
#> AVISITVIS3                     0.399048940  0.676823960  0.401800094
#> AVISITVIS4                     0.368340113  0.401800094  1.723478787
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS2           -0.643020114 -0.399203255 -0.368624024
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS3           -0.399238901 -0.676484876 -0.401792995
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS4           -0.368506585 -0.402167824 -1.723586879
#>                               ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS2 ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS3
#> (Intercept)                           0.422528163         0.521897062
#> RACEBlack or African American         0.005382569         0.011420575
#> RACEWhite                             0.013485683         0.006720617
#> SEXFemale                            -0.016801299        -0.024696304
#> ARMCDTRT                             -0.845758354        -1.044355829
#> AVISITVIS2                           -0.643020114        -0.399238901
#> AVISITVIS3                           -0.399203255        -0.676484876
#> AVISITVIS4                           -0.368624024        -0.401792995
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS2                   1.275359305         0.805849821
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS3                   0.805849821         1.410501907
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS4                   0.728711516         0.796418986
#>                               ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS4
#> (Intercept)                           0.448924745
#> RACEBlack or African American        -0.012589283
#> RACEWhite                             0.002967665
#> SEXFemale                            -0.009038640
#> ARMCDTRT                             -0.877606881
#> AVISITVIS2                           -0.368506585
#> AVISITVIS3                           -0.402167824
#> AVISITVIS4                           -1.723586879
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS2                   0.728711516
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS3                   0.796418986
#> ARMCDTRT:AVISITVIS4                   3.425654435
# Variance-covariance matrix estimate for residuals:
VarCorr(object)
#>           VIS1      VIS2       VIS3       VIS4
#> VIS1 40.553664 14.396045  4.9747288 13.3866534
#> VIS2 14.396045 26.571483  2.7854661  7.4744790
#> VIS3  4.974729  2.785466 14.8978517  0.9082111
#> VIS4 13.386653  7.474479  0.9082111 95.5568420
# REML criterion (twice the negative log likelihood):
deviance(object)
#> [1] 3386.45
# AIC:
AIC(object)
#> [1] 3406.45
AIC(object, corrected = TRUE)
#> [1] 3406.877
# BIC:
BIC(object)
#> [1] 3439.282
# residuals:
residuals(object, type = "response")
#>   [1]  -1.234879652 -31.602602517  -4.161845076  -4.240694906   2.976720902
#>   [6]  -1.486633993 -10.523496721  -0.985476011  -5.929054895   3.894654785
#>  [11]   0.005884300   4.143525922  -5.650335904  -3.625861923   0.826964231
#>  [16]  -3.033654140   2.122875942  -0.077764040  -1.236764407   2.898887820
#>  [21]   5.666894712   6.973709346   1.649933932   2.223736062   1.999981925
#>  [26]   9.449780374  -0.697302530  -0.797571139  -4.121957765   9.568283755
#>  [31]   7.148615054  -1.008039398   3.474215960   0.203016560  -0.741716375
#>  [36]  -6.462963308  -6.753458982  -0.047005589   1.515200267 -14.092698990
#>  [41] -10.947245143  -1.951225988  -5.706079812  -9.307052363  -2.403398748
#>  [46]   7.086671267  -2.850398916  16.073985815   2.634589860   3.803878882
#>  [51]  11.652502799  -0.134982175   4.531571586   5.789979573   6.916172244
#>  [56]  -8.335823810  -2.446122835  -8.765445294  -1.487993507   0.630113879
#>  [61] -10.923600038  -9.812114797   5.259684070  -4.094159929  -8.824895907
#>  [66] -13.157401791   0.877589312  -0.339592573   8.595725270   3.936442210
#>  [71]   1.552353395  13.791819037 -14.336580048   0.027233096   0.336487818
#>  [76]   1.612454504   3.714131743   6.358341554   6.469275659   1.146036288
#>  [81]  -6.481239981 -15.420209264  10.564048465   1.873040490  -0.604472161
#>  [86]  11.276535944  -3.846981011   4.205682602  -2.888867642 -10.092066250
#>  [91]  -8.954675960  -9.131288225 -10.160328309   8.348966008  -3.324891902
#>  [96]  -6.821197849  -0.252287406  -0.230464002  -1.407973607  -2.003675274
#> [101]   4.967728097 -10.820604863  -2.685460226  -1.400767701  -5.913374081
#> [106]   5.965692909   7.081065238   5.753275316   6.224314102   1.714833437
#> [111]  -4.753946846  -2.150649979  -1.304036547  -1.697593065   4.231714405
#> [116]   7.523067828  -2.009615920   6.756933384  -5.242275398  -6.597847500
#> [121]   1.364617396   1.759820544  15.973845801  -0.461493245   2.787801686
#> [126]   0.484952966  -3.870461666  12.311298679 -11.232317044  -4.481649361
#> [131]  -0.220037106 -12.363619506   1.709197627  -6.875616999   5.976752937
#> [136]  -0.656597193   7.283701781  -2.922519989   6.370716054  -5.058284328
#> [141]  -9.236842335  -4.345245889  -9.622488058  -6.654774813 -12.022180587
#> [146]   1.887357480  -6.370718385   4.328882117   3.485715939   5.595034537
#> [151]   9.409222502   2.234484592  -2.968076876   0.569772634   0.236447831
#> [156]   1.328254786   0.485660327   8.823363223   0.276419270  -2.984758150
#> [161]  -0.711357559   2.929205179   3.904409284  -1.545435261   4.840564762
#> [166]   4.044772166  -1.721893559   7.189004781   1.582814876  -6.023735519
#> [171]   9.469873359   3.411370689  12.312877955  -0.415604291  -7.826304065
#> [176]  -2.588748144   4.878824125  -2.386492192   0.275251132  15.403304358
#> [181]  -1.117311743  -5.778945571  -4.284700514  -0.658853762  -1.604989482
#> [186]  -8.628885781  -4.503110575  -4.125143859   1.692779577  -0.289986567
#> [191]  -1.324600198   7.581755477  -1.962979124 -12.646575009  -5.000450448
#> [196]   0.168281529  -2.531874945  -1.621285472   5.569746459   1.486223742
#> [201]  15.758167838  11.723532098   1.222430146   2.140888226  -2.930455637
#> [206]  -7.358901274   1.549014295   4.296486376   4.408791522   2.197562650
#> [211]  -8.375741822   4.953239770  -1.144775488  -1.781395739  -3.146498706
#> [216]   6.783928757   1.098312860 -22.160474609  -2.816167884  -3.716081684
#> [221]   8.774205403  -2.178968843   0.782958690  -0.005585283  -2.923802312
#> [226]  -1.430045436  -3.266421082  -7.413799193   8.803384810   3.193392733
#> [231]   6.552308299  -3.576957870  -2.900210364   0.851863016  -4.147762312
#> [236]   7.742038570  -1.501447881  10.267382270   5.455583260  -6.641733868
#> [241]  -7.367427023  10.801038359  -7.567612905   2.531801030  -3.893743195
#> [246]   0.623788663   9.698229358   3.060268037   5.913536244 -11.374576033
#> [251]   6.770578888  -4.806976192   1.005172447  -7.759025307   2.809952061
#> [256]   5.765703310  -2.046337220   3.454956181   1.797059893  -6.820263102
#> [261]   2.852094314   2.232372715  -3.397204643   6.883657677  -1.853470422
#> [266]   0.858119403  -2.080961909  -5.325272886   8.348411771  -1.049269637
#> [271]  -7.961356400 -10.048198957  -7.611069668  -0.927034289  -8.037769563
#> [276]  -0.395791510   1.964185716   1.846717422  -2.319131312  -1.960386265
#> [281]   4.813456009   4.453877656   7.759026726   1.075918408   8.735930253
#> [286]   0.931062886  -6.492053277   3.905731110   6.103802886  -1.553315409
#> [291]  -0.364087540   6.347166038   3.008394981  -5.651857454   0.406319494
#> [296]   1.155221279  -9.081862494  -4.569513438  17.559986122   2.202330352
#> [301]  -1.269170427  -0.367685386  -3.931511724   3.117376232  -2.997817660
#> [306] -15.997444012  -2.144194495   2.087262596 -10.213796246  -0.460389924
#> [311]  -2.282396185   1.510231160   6.144987953  -1.051913357  -3.165847388
#> [316]   2.362323843   0.673403098  -0.194314949   9.826663341   6.250933707
#> [321]  -0.235076130   2.461097100  -1.767393574  -9.083814120  -9.512139613
#> [326]   0.332052131   2.907510403   6.797230637   4.517753563   6.860770097
#> [331]  -0.535968343   8.144395143   8.315853379  10.472748395  -1.241441160
#> [336]   1.208712197   4.720909904  -2.811983812  -3.180543134   5.616929260
#> [341]  -3.699626586  -1.645226149   0.073590117   5.932694905  13.347774651
#> [346]  -0.599486961   0.586742528   1.009572681  -0.943207940   2.177417986
#> [351]   3.098085788  -3.479836872   0.282540942   4.915937135  -3.702232983
#> [356]  -5.607957192  -3.714729352 -17.040753161  -3.528768581   0.541082039
#> [361]   8.076779586  -6.191258080   0.412993243   5.018532666   1.732496518
#> [366]   4.890613044  -3.824823997  -0.487435234   2.480592663   2.305343529
#> [371] -26.246442718  -5.774618924   0.493027338 -12.146505999  -7.174675073
#> [376]  -2.154139764  -7.657419221  21.074111704   6.040615383   8.467296562
#> [381] -10.336888517  -4.958491116  -3.742055183   0.987848599   2.215631522
#> [386]  -0.851264659  -0.630616202  -9.028257544  -7.573424167 -12.742297395
#> [391]  -4.117784562 -11.901375893   0.720831832  -1.403633842  -0.753280271
#> [396]   7.279393940   1.453345956  -1.800975371   3.792088067  -0.340693264
#> [401]  10.842614257   3.683774850   5.251983786   2.872680103   1.658098849
#> [406]   1.330582219   7.128499486   1.549862924   7.670151870   3.884868504
#> [411]  11.965570612   3.385952871   4.137436188   1.308094515  -2.558461227
#> [416] -14.304693302  -3.106269989  -5.609838571  -0.293261124  17.421651070
#> [421]   0.093535126   0.026595297   9.350679413   1.773045693  -2.732879905
#> [426]   8.784278133  -6.271337496  -6.343229393   5.375845601   7.263453790
#> [431]  -0.250360213   4.653760313   2.676065485  -1.467432090   7.495460612
#> [436]  -6.404623267   7.800378199   7.125463247   7.026637291  -4.402064897
#> [441]   1.594201571  -0.782053228   8.346582123   3.296803523  11.120854597
#> [446]  -1.989665587   1.101524949  -1.109564945   7.158458483 -12.397318171
#> [451]   1.969677544  -0.246975211  -6.819019339  -3.539097324  -0.255945131
#> [456]   0.108762339  -9.625363156  -7.467529543  -4.516696858  -4.277072142
#> [461] -12.507932515  -6.714436823   9.526182803  -2.970783609  -2.364822030
#> [466]  -3.770735866   1.673403803  -0.446717846  -2.617775570  14.220675868
#> [471]   4.269581680   2.564985116  -2.969110991  -2.899565420  -9.571178045
#> [476]  -2.310163663  -6.618388134   7.050040894  -2.768894832  -0.680898398
#> [481]   0.858618471   2.393017430  -0.511076204  -2.130084682  -1.058901346
#> [486]  -5.160549124  -2.821587861   5.706858994   0.904798206  -6.758830844
#> [491]   3.679593184 -10.505575302   7.180743205  -1.038313940  -4.236938656
#> [496]  13.174628062   3.802619676   1.785232749  -7.989780520   2.021917955
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residuals(object, type = "pearson")
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residuals(object, type = "normalized")
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#> [351]  0.3210435388 -0.5464417046  0.0548117275  1.2785517452 -0.5813647525
#> [356] -0.9268450187 -0.8100221758 -1.6228924603 -0.6845659265  0.2383717814
#> [361]  0.9373665455 -1.2010774371  0.2778870068  0.6983516870  0.3360968725
#> [366]  1.2321538332 -0.4502233484 -0.0765423638  0.5728145982  0.5933717589
#> [371] -2.7595058681 -0.9067932563  0.2513154764 -1.9073760316 -0.6179707379
#> [376] -0.1399576256 -0.3481875728  3.3092854483 -0.3109331235  1.5769403726
#> [381] -2.6781075222 -0.4429096259 -0.5876180661  0.4999842463  0.3313270198
#> [386] -0.1651416824 -0.0404624874 -1.4177148596 -0.9429902703 -0.9663561862
#> [391] -0.6466191658 -2.2535063005  0.4563135780  0.1453231304 -0.1182882332
#> [396]  1.6290602024  0.3146280392 -0.3493814754  1.0416358515  0.0136480171
#> [401]  1.7026248170 -0.0356641510  1.0414162785  0.5572875838  0.3550610267
#> [406]  0.2089424426  1.4368057614  0.2836747953  0.6772658681  1.0065016707
#> [411]  1.2001797239  0.5316990211  0.6336526750 -0.0190973637 -0.4963304733
#> [416] -1.4052713714 -0.4877801835 -0.9729185834  0.0800046880  1.9984809435
#> [421]  0.0146878993 -0.0014265194  0.9781840852  0.2784228533 -0.7805456237
#> [426]  0.8431370787 -0.9847933905 -0.8886963475  1.6803385316  1.0750066150
#> [431] -0.0393142744  0.4961341049  0.5191451935 -0.4573708258  0.6990303540
#> [436] -1.0057233670  2.1745715012  1.3823092213  1.6431382695 -0.6682482269
#> [441]  0.3092682477 -0.1228064748  0.9013385029  0.6395657029  1.0544417016
#> [446] -0.3859865656  0.3428001042 -0.0580379891  1.1240987437 -1.9467612774
#> [451]  0.3093001178 -0.2042447739 -0.7712826657 -0.5557474232  0.2159453336
#> [456]  0.1312795882 -1.5114788550 -0.8743767375 -0.8762197629 -0.9952456694
#> [461] -1.1590765928 -1.3025718628  1.1807930021 -0.4665046434 -0.2828278537
#> [466] -0.8862018395  0.2627760037 -0.2246585728 -0.7350270917  2.2330846670
#> [471] -0.1680653380  0.2272482221 -0.4662419908 -0.3983863095 -0.8770483090
#> [476] -0.3627669389 -1.2516292128  0.8971122637 -0.7173723569 -0.1069220469
#> [481]  0.1134832246  0.3757775355 -0.2128705850 -0.3102625447 -0.1662801672
#> [486] -1.0328202284 -0.6530835138  0.8961528576  0.0541645528 -0.9043953545
#> [491]  0.9533184156 -1.0979696605  1.1275981322 -0.7743775123 -0.8219478749
#> [496]  1.4861078517  0.7376918609  0.3628190010 -0.9383643181  0.3175034734
#> [501]  1.3442690156 -1.8287202394 -0.0867610000  1.8935600524 -0.6001433545
#> [506]  0.3359892081 -0.4675070243  1.2196363492  0.6361736837  0.5308643245
#> [511] -0.2883264347  0.9624697278 -1.4780914615 -0.8452842468 -1.2242792315
#> [516]  0.6984536826 -0.1638332534  3.1504729615 -1.0518676907 -0.9852678720
#> [521]  1.7339047855 -1.8750237951  0.4999242945 -1.0247546509 -1.4427773430
#> [526]  0.7390501284 -0.8521673979 -1.8048482025 -0.3303034285  0.7739312929
#> [531] -0.7394480434  0.9835059653  1.9907888113  1.4970706001  0.5331882492
#> [536]  0.7105372605  0.5615316312